Recently, the Korean police system is under discussion for the introduction of the autonomous police system different from the national police system based on the police law. Comparing the police systems of other developed countries at this point is significant in setting the direction of the police system in the future. In this study, we examined the Swiss police system, which is a permanent neutrality and economic power in western Europe, but has not been widely introduced in Korea. Switzerland police can be classified as federal police, canton police, and Gemainde police, but in fact, canton police are the mainstay of police activity. This is because the federal police are only at the top of the administrative sense and can be seen as the authority of the canton police except for what the law prescribes as the authority of the federal police. And, as Switzerland is a multi-ethnic country like Germany, France, and Italy, the police system is also influenced by the language and cultural background of the region. Canton which has many German residents has a German police system and Canton which has many French residents takes a French police system. In addition, Switzerland has developed an army, as evidenced by the historical background of permanent neutrality in order to defend itself from external invasions, and the police system also follows the military system. In military situations, military, police, and reserve forces have a one-man system, and the police usually follow military-style training and command systems. Military experiences are also very important for the selection of the police officers. In Korea, where a nationwide unified national police system operates, researching the cases of Switzerland canton police and establishing a model of autonomous police that can reflect different characteristics in each region, we can develop community policing in accordance with the resident autonomy.